Nike Wacc Case Study - 2281 Words

Financial Management Agenda 1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? Do you agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation? Why or why not? 2. If you do not agree with Cohen’s analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and justify your assumptions. 3. Calculate the costs of equity using CAPM, the dividend discount model, and the earnings capitalization ratio. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? 4. What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? 2 Case Overview Nike, Inc. NorthPoint Group Investment Decision ï‚ § Current share price of USD 42.09 ï‚ § Declining market share for the period 1997-2000 ï‚ § Strategy for revitalizing the company under consideration ï‚ § Plan†¦show more content†¦Ã¯â€š § Joanna is right to consider debt denominated in foreign currency, however her approach is flawed since she is once again looking at outstanding debt, which arrangements that occurred some time in the past might significantly differ from the current market reality. ï‚ § Since existing Nike bonds are trading at discount, we already know that the market yield exceeds the coupon rate. 5 * Strong arguments exist for using the geometric mean under certain circumstances. This point will be further elaborated Agenda 1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? Do you agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation? Why or why not? 2. If you do not agree with Cohen’s analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and justify your assumptions. 3. Calculate the costs of equity using CAPM, the dividend discount model, and the earnings capitalization ratio. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? 4. What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? 6 Calculating Cost of Equity ï‚ § Rf = 5.39% based on the current 10 year yield for the sake of consistency with the forecasted 10 year FCFF. ï‚ § Calculating risk premium based on arithmetic average vs geometric mean: ïÆ' ¼ Arithmetic average assumes no serial correlation and thus could be overstating the premium. ïÆ' ¼ Arithmetic average ignores estimation error and available data is limited. ïÆ' ¼ Arithmetic average works best forShow MoreRelatedCase Study –Nike, Inc.: Cost of Capital Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study –Nike, Inc.: Cost of Capital FIN202a-Spring 2011 1. Please define Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). Write down the WACC formula, and discuss its components. WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) is a market weighted average, at target leverage, of the cost of after tax debt and equity. It is a critical input for evaluating investment decision, and typically the discount rate for NPV calculation. And it serves as the benchmark for operating performance, relative toRead MoreCase Study on Nike1252 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study Nike Introduction Good morning ladies and gentlemen and thank for taking the time to meet with us. Nike was founded on January 25, 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight. The company officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1978. Nike has various products which include footwear as well as other apparel that compliment the former. This accounts for 92 percent of the company’s revenue. The other 8 percent comes from equipment and non Nike brand products, such as ColeRead MoreEssay on NIke solutions1702 Words   |  7 Pages(1+KD/2)40  +  3.375(1-0.38)/(1+KD/2)n KD=4.52% C6: Using WACC formula: Rwacc  =4.52*10.19% + 8.89*89.81% = 8.44% C7: average dividend growth rate: g = [0+12.5++ 20+12+8]/4 %=8% (Assumption: In this calculation, the growth rates significantly higher than 20% and negative figure have been ignored.) C8: Using CAPM: KE’=3.2%+0.91*5.5%=8.21% C9:  Using DGM formula: P’=D1/ (KE’-g) =1.06*(1+8%)/(8.21%-8%)=$545 In Nike’s case, when Joanna Cohen calculated the WACC of Nike, she made several mistakes and led to a wrongRead MoreNike Cost of Capital Case2415 Words   |  10 Pagesmanagement firm. In July 2001, Ford considered buying shares of Nike, Inc., the well-known athletic shoe manufacturer. It would be prudent of Ford to base her assessment on Nike’s financial reports for 2001. Around the same time, Nike held an analysts’ meeting to disclose those financial results. They also addressed ways to revitalize the company, since share price was beginning to decline and revenues had plateaued at around $9 billion. Although Nike projected a rosy future, many analysts had mixed reactionsRead MoreCalculating Wacc2481 Words   |  10 Pagesweighted average cost of capital (WACC) to be 8.3%. I find error in this calculation as a result of the following points of disagreement: a) Weighting of Capital Structure: Use of book values of capital rather than the market values b) Cost of Debt Calculation: Incorrect method for calculating debt c) Tax Rate: Use of a tax rate derived from the summation of state and statutory taxes instead of the firms marginal tax rate 2. Revised Calculation of WACC: WACC reflects the weighted averageRead MoreNike Inc Cost of Capital2974 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Kimi Ford is a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group, a mutual-fund management firm. She is evaluating Nike, Inc. (â€Å"Nike†) to potentially buy shares of their stock for the fund she manages, the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund. This fund mostly invests in Fortune 500 companies, with an emphasis on value investing. This Fund has performed well over the last 18 months despite the decline in the stock market. Ford has done a significant amount of research through analysts’ reportsRead MoreDeutsche2679 Words   |  11 Pages Phone: (403) 332-4582 e-mail: oz.palasvirta@uleth.ca Goal of Course Management 4430 is the capstone course in finance and will incorporate concepts you have learned in through your study of corporate, investments, and international. We will utilize the case methodology to focus our analysis. Cases describe a context in which a particular problem is found. Regardless of the particular characteristics of the problem, problem solving follows a general methodology: identification of theRead MoreFinancial Report Adidas5972 Words   |  24 PagesStudent number: 0880732 Term paper Handelshà ¸yskolen BI - Adidas AG - Exam code and name EXC 25093 Financial Statements and Valuation Hand-in date: 15.04.2011 Place of study: BI Oslo Program: Bachelor in Business and Administration Table of contents Summary ii Adidas 1 Sports Apparel Industry 1 Economic Situation 2 - Financial Statement Evaluation 2 - Profitability ratios 3 - Efficiency ratios 4 - Liquidity and cash flow ratiosRead MoreManagerial Economics Paper2648 Words   |  11 PagesSection A: Objective Type (30 marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ This section consists of multiple choices Short notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one carries 1 mark each Part two carries 5 marks each. MM.100 Part one: Multiple choices: 1. It is a study of economy as a whole a. Macroeconomics b. Microeconomics c. Recession d. Inflation 2. A comprehensive formulation which specifies the factors that influence the demand for the product a. Market demand b. Demand schedule c. Demand function d. IncomeRead MoreKraft Foods Analysis12781 Words   |  52 Pagesand immediately Kraft Foods’ results and market shares. MARKET POSITION COMPETITORS Krafts Foods is the second larger food company after Nestlà © in terms of volume of products sold and the first one in the United States. According to a recent study of Deloitte, in terms of turnover Kraft Foods is the fourth larger company in the world in the food beverages industry. The ranking is as follow: 1. NESTLE SA – Switzerland Chocolates, waters, dairy products, ice-creams, confectionery, frozen

EA Brief 7001V1 v01 1 - 1305 Words

Unit 7001V1 - Personal leadership development as a strategic manager Introduction This unit is about understanding the strategic skills required to enable an organisation to achieve its ambitions. It requires you to demonstrate that you are able to identify and manage organisational skills requirements and personal leadership development and evaluate the effectiveness of the results. The unit is also about understanding how to create a staff welfare environment aligned to organisational values. Scenario Learners may use their own employment context, or that of another organisation with which they are very familiar, to base their assignment. However, in the case that they are not able to do so, please use the below†¦show more content†¦Membership of the CMI is designed to work for you and your learners during management studies and then beyond this on a day-to-day basis to aid the overall progression of your management careers. There are many benefits of membership, but for you and your learners in particular this comes to life with our tailored online support - via www.managers.org.uk/practical-support/study-support. All the resources available on Management Direct are designed to help you and your learners with CMI assignments. Management Direct enables quick and easy access to information which is automatically tailored to the individual units on each relevant CMI qualification, meaning you can spend less time looking for the information you need to deliver the qualification and ensure that your learners have access to the many resources to complete their next assignment. The other main benefits of membership are: – Online resources via our website www.managers.org.uk including checklists, management models, learner videos and podcasts, among various other formats tailored to many different learning styles. Professional recognition from a Chartered body for management and leadership, including the platform for letters after your name and our highest accolade of Chartered Manager. Networking opportunities via our online community, social media or

Students Go to University After Graduating from High School or Go to Work Free Essays

It is probably true that students who go directly from high school to university or college do not get too many benefits. Consequently, some assert that students should take a job or go travelling before starting their university lives, which I fully agree with. First, those who go to university after one or two years work, get work experience and earn salaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Go to University After Graduating from High School or Go to Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently in some western countries, most undergraduate students pay their tuition fees by themselves. For example, for students who work in Starbucks, one of the benefits of having a job there is that they make lots of friends and get a wage at the same time. This experience is valuable. Perhaps when they graduate from their respective universities, they have a much higher possibility of getting jobs. Similarly to go travelling in the real world is not a bad choice either. Some would like to travel abroad, so that they enjoy sharing experiences with local people. They can share with other people observations with foreigners from different cultural positions when they are travelling in a different city or a foreign country. They never get this real life experience in the university. Nevertheless, most undergraduate students would still like to go directly from high school to university. It is a process of studying step by step. From primary school to university, they get knowledge only from the courses they take and many think,that just as the old saying goes that† Knowledge is power†, so they believe they still have some benefit. To sum up, both alternatives have their advantages, but I support the idea that students are better to take a job or to go travelling before going to university. (281words) How to cite Students Go to University After Graduating from High School or Go to Work, Essay examples

Health Of People Depleting Various Reasons â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Health Of People Is Depleting Due To Various Reasons? Answer: Introducation Healthcare is an important sector which is providing quality services for enhancing the health of people. The health of people is depleting due to various reasons. It is vital to provide quality healthcare services to people for increasing the standard of health. Different individuals have different health needs and different individuals are treated in a different manner. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, transgendered, two-spirit, intersex and queer individuals/communities are being discriminated on the grounds of the healthcare services. The health of the LGBTIQ gets affected due to various factors including social, behavioral and structural factors. Discrimination is also creating an impact on the health of the transgender who belongs to LGBTIQ umbrella. Rights provided to the LGBTIQ people have been improved in the last 50 years which shows that steps have been taken for enhancing the quality of their health. It has been analysed from the data presented by AIWH that more than 34 % of LGBTIQ fears from disclosing their identity and availed the services without disclosing their identity. Initiatives have been taken by the Australian government for providing healthcare services to LGBTIQ people. Due to discriminatory practices 35 % of the transgender people above the age 18 have attempted suicide during their life. Transgender people in Australia are suffering from depression due to lack of proper treatment. There is a need to provide better training to the healthcare professionals so as to make them understand the health needs of the transgender patients (AIHW, 2017). I have been working for providing healthcare services to the people for ensuring their good health. I have analyzed that transgender people suffer a lot due to the views of society towards the transgender (Mayer, et. al., 2008). I have analyzed that there are various factors which act as barriers resulting in poor health of transgender people. These barriers include knowledge possessed by the professionals of healthcare, the attitude of the healthcare professionals towards transgender, fear from disclosing their gender or sexual identity, discriminatory practices harming the interest of transgender and absence of proactive communication (Rashidian, et. al., 2016). It has been analyzed that some healthcare professionals do not possess the knowledge of the healthcare services which should be provided to the transgender. There are chances when a health care professional lack in possessing knowledge of the health issues faced by the transgender. Another barrier is the attitude of the healthcare professionals as healthcare professional refuses to treat transgender and transgender even faced disrespectful behavior and abuse from the healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals are inattentive to the transgender patients (OHTN, 2014). Transgender face refusal and ignorance from the society and this develops fear in their mind and they fear to disclose their gender identity. These discriminatory practices result in a delay in the treatment provided to the transgender. They fear that disclosure of their identity can affect the quality of the healthcare services provided to them by the healthcare professionals. Communication process or channel bet ween the transgender and healthcare professional is missing due to fear and refusal. Transgender have gone through various situations which develop fear in their mind. These previous experiences act as a barrier to healthcare access for transgender. Attitude, values, and beliefs of the healthcare professional can create an impact on the health and wellbeing of the service user in a positive as well as negative manner (Mller, 2016). A healthcare professional should not discriminate the patients and focus on enhancing the quality of the health of the service users. A healthcare professional must adopt a positive attitude towards the service users for providing proper treatment to the service users. Transgender faces discrimination as health care professionals refuses to treat them. I have adopted a positive attitude towards the transgender patients so as to provide equal treatment to every service user and avoiding discriminatory practices. I have ensured that every service user is treated properly and focus is on the quality of health of the service user. I believe that it is the moral responsibility of the healthcare professional to treat everyone equal and must perform its responsibilities with commitment. Providing healthcare service is considered as providing public service and one must consider every individual equal regardless of its gender, caste, race, and color (Kates, et. al., 2016). Values adopted by me have guided my behavior towards the service users and eliminating the discriminatory practices. The core values which I have adopted for performing my responsibilities are social justice, human dignity, autonomy, and altruism. Altruism has helped me in being selfless and providing quality services without discriminating transgender from others. I believe that as a healthcare professional one must adopt dignity and should treat every individual equal. I have focused on providing equal treatment to every individual. Transgender need to be considered equal so as to ensure their health. I have followed integrity for ensuring that my actions are not creating any harm to the service users and performing the responsibilities in an ethical manner (Kemppainen, et. al., 2012). I believe that it is important to analyze the issues or the barriers which create an adverse impact on the health and well-being of transgender. Training programs need to be provided to the healthcare professionals so as to change their behavior towards the transgender. I have planned to make people aware of the issues which are being faced by transgender and to explain to them that society must be treated as a whole and every individual is a part of society. I will try to motivate the transgender for discussing the health issues faced by them with the healthcare professionals. This will enhance the quality of life of transgender as well as promotes unity and equality among the society. I will ensure that the environment of healthcare setting is free from discriminatory practices affecting the health and well-being of transgender (Brownson et. al., 2010). I will discuss the issues which are being faced by transgender and helping them in coping with the issues. Developing a safe and h ealthy environment is an important aspect as this will help in improving the health condition of transgender and providing fair treatment to them. There is a need to remove the barriers which are affecting the health of transgender. Counseling sessions must be provided to transgender for encouraging them and helping them in communicating with the healthcare professionals in a better manner. Healthcare professionals need to possess knowledge of the health issues of transgender so as to treat them (Russell, 2013). Anti-discriminatory practices have been formulated by the government of Australia so as to ensure that proper healthcare services are offered to transgender people. I will focus on promoting their anti-discriminatory practices for developing a better environment for transgender patients. I have analyzed these issues faced by transgender which are creating an impact on the health and safety of transgender must be dealt by applying measures. These measures will help in improving the health and well-being of the transgender. My motive is to promote equality among the different groups of the society. The safe environment needs to be created which will help in contributing towards the betterment of the transgender (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). These people have faced various issues including discrimination which has affected their physical health as well as mental health. Transgender are frequently facing discrimination and refusal which has affected their health. It is vital to remove these discriminatory practices for promoting equality and providing fair treatment to transgender. Healthcare centers can be set for transgender for ensuring that health issues of transgender are identified in a proper manner and are addressed without any delay (Brownson et. al., 2010). Various rules and regulations have been formulated by the government for the safety and security of the different groups of the society. Campaigns can be initiated for ensuring that these people are not getting ignored. Anti-discriminatory practices need to be formulated and adopted in the healthcare sector for ensuring the health and safety of the different groups of the society. Trust and respect must be developed among the different groups of the society for each other. This trust and respect will help in ensuring that health of the transgender is maintained (Berman, et. al., 2011). Thus, it can be concluded that positive attitude must be adopted by every healthcare practitioner for ensuring good health of the different groups of the society. As a healthcare professional, there is a need to understand the importance of equality in the healthcare sector and its impact on the health and well-being of the different groups. References AIHW, 2017, Older Australians who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or intersex, AIHW. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011, Census, unpublished data generated using ABS TableBuilder, Canberra: ABS. Berman, P., Pallas, S., Smith, A. L., Curry, L. Bradleyb, E. H., 2011, Improving the Delivery of Health Services: A Guide to Choosing Strategies, Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper. Brownson R. C., Seiler R., Eyler A. A., 2010, Measuring the impact of public health policy, Prev Chronic Dis. Kates, J., Ranji, U., Beamesderfer, A., Salganicoff, A. Dawson, L., 2016, Health and Access to Care and Coverage for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Individuals in the U.S., The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Kemppainen, V., Tossavainen, K. Turunen, H., 2012, Nurses' roles in health promotion practice: an integrative review, Health Promotion International. Krehely, J., 2009, How to Close the LGBT Health Disparities Gap, Center for American Progress. Mayer, K. H., Bradford, J. B., Makadon, H. J., Stall, R., Goldhammer, H., Landers, S., 2008, Sexual and Gender Minority Health: What We Know and What Needs to Be Done,American Journal of Public Health,98(6), 989995. Mller, A., 2016, Health for All? Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and the Implementation of the Right to Access to Health Care in South Africa, HHR Journal. OHTN, 2014, Facilitators and barriers to health care for lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people, OHTN. Rashidian, M., Minichiello, V., Knutsen, S. F., Ghamsary, M., 2016, Barriers to sexual health care: a survey of Iranian-American physicians in California, USA,BMC Health Services Research,16, 263. Russell, L., 2013, Improving M?ori Health And Reducing Inequalities Between M?ori And Nonm?ori: Has The Primary Health Care Strategy Worked For M?or

Case Study On Mountain Dews- Lighthouse Foods and Mobius Motors

Question: Describe about the Case Study of Lighthouse Foods, Mobius Motors and Mountain Dew? Answer: Case Study Analysis of Lighthouse Foods Issue: The main issue related to this case study was that Lighthouse Foods should change their packaging styles from glass jars to plastics. The senior business development manager of this company was Doug Hawkins and he was entitled to take all necessary decisions for the better prospects of the company. He identified that if the company should sell the dressings in plastic jars that would allow a price competitive strategy over the competitors. Switching to plastic packaging would help the company to sustain five years growth and reach maximum profitability. Analysis: The main base point of the case study was that the company is one of the strong market leaders in the salad dressing market therefore the company had a strong brand recognition of about 50 years. Recently two competitor brands have shifted to plastic dressing of the products which has brought a relative price advantage over its competitors. It was analyzed that customers had a strong preference over the quality and the brand and not on its packaging of products. This made the company to retain its customers in a market where the competitors were posing a continuous threat in the cost cutting advantage. The companys main objective was to deliver fresh products to the customers. The company also believed on healthy statement which was a part of their sales promotional activity. Recommendation given to the company: It was recommended to the company that the company should switch over its packaging from glass jars to plastic packaging. This switch would give the company to access additional surplus of price advantage of about $1.5 million per year. This shift of packaging would help the retailers and other groceries to shelf the products easily and more number of products could be restored in one shelf. This will not only make a cheaper alternative but also make it more convenient for customers to use products in the form Tetra packs and squeezed bottles as well. Case Study Analysis of Mobius Motors Issue: Mobius Motors targeted the African market to expand their business internationally. Therefore being a Kenyan company it tried to understand the infrastructure and transportation network in Africa was very poor. Therefore Joel Jackson founder of the company came up with the objective to overcome such barriers in Africa and design cars that could strive poor road conditions of Africa as well. Analysis: It was analyzed from the case study that Mobius came with the objective to design, build and sell low cost vehicles that could perform on Africas road network and that would act as a cheap alternative solution for transportation as well. This dynamic invention of the company would bring to develop their production capacity in the market and increase their economy. The company mainly targeted the middle income entrepreneurs in Africa who can avail their own public transport at a cheaper rate instead of travelling in taxi. The people in Africa mainly middle and lower income groups were in high need for their own transportation. Recommendation given to the company: It was recommended to the company that apart from developing various prototype of cars in the African market the company can also develop low cost vehicles so that individuals can easily afford them and that could reduce the transportation unavailability in Africa. It was also recommended to the company to develop a strong engineering and Research and development team that could bring in creative ideas to launch products according to the road network scenario in African market. The company also focused mainly on low cost production in developing countries so all the machine automation related work was done by the company itself to reduce costs. The company also needed to focus on sales promotion and advertising campaigns because competitors already established low cost vehicles in the market. Therefore to sustain the growth in the market Mobius came up with the view to launch a broad marketing campaign which could give a drastic impact around the various locations in Africa. Case Study Analysis of Mountain Dew: The most Racist Commercial in history. Issue: The Company PepsiCo had shown a TV advertisement which describes how a woman tries to identify her assailant from a lineup of three black men and a goat. This advertisement was written by American rapper Tyler which depicted that a woman was on crutches in the police station. Analysis: This online advertisement identified a suspect from a lineup of black men and goat. It was analyzed that the talking goat threatened to beat the women. Later on it was seen that PepsiCo apologized for the 60 second ad which was described as argumentative. Recommendations: It is recommended to learn how a company should sustain in a corporate racism. Advertisements should be given as such there is no for racial violence against women. It is also suggested to go for online ad campaigns.

THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY IN US

Table of Contents Introduction Literature Data The Study Summary and Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Natural gas is one of the natural fuels that are used by mankind for both commercial and residential purposes. In the United S America it is mainly used for cooking and heating by the largest percentage households although it is applied as a raw material in the industrial sector as well. The usage of natural gas has increased for the past years with many citizens preferring it to other sources of energy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY IN US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other uses of the natural gas that have emerged with the evolution of the energy and the manufacturing industry include, its use as vehicle fuels, powering the industrial furnaces, running air conditioners among others. The research paper looks into the natural gas industry in the US where it analyses i ts aspects. It also covers the emergence of the natural gas market, its discovery for the industrial, commercial and the residential use. The evolution of the natural gas market industry is discussed in detail. Other than these, the research main objective is to analyze the effects of natural gas production in the US and imports from other countries. On the determination of the market structure and the evaluation of supply and demand in the future time series data is used. This is also applied to determine the price of the natural gas process. The paper is organized systematically where there is literature review that looks into materials concerning the natural gas industry and several aspects would be discussed. Series trend data would be used to determine the supply and demand as well as the price determination of natural gas. The main body of the research paper would discuss and analyze the research findings of the data used in the research paper. The summary and conclusion will be based on the findings of the study on natural gas. Literature This part of the research paper used paper reviewed materials that have connection to the natural gas industry in the United States of America. The use of the natural gas in the United States of America has increased compared to the recent past. Natural gas is used as a burned fuel in the US, where in the 2009; more than 25% of natural gas was consumed. These areas of consumption include the generation of electricity, fueling vehicles, heating buildings, heating water, baking foods, running air conditioners, and industrial furnace power. According to a report released in December 22, 2010 by Michael Ratner show that emergence of natural gas use has been necessitated by the fact that it is a cleaner because of its low carbon content. Ratner (1) points that the combustion of natural gas is known to emit two thirds carbon dioxide less compared to coal, and a quarter less compared to oil. This is an explanation why the use of natural gas has been increasing bearing in mind that the environment conservation has been emphasized during the climate change summit over the years. Other reason why it is highly used in the USA is because natural gas combustion produces less particular matter, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide when compared to carbon (Ratner 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the discovery of new methods of natural gas extraction like from shale, has encouraged the use of natural gas in the USA. This has been adopted by other countries seeing the demand and supply in the natural gas oil industry increase significantly. Some of the factors that determine the quantity of natural gas demand and the quantities in the market include technical capability, price, environmental concerns, as well as the political considerations in the natural gas producing countries (Ratner 1) . The evolution of the natural gas markets is likely to be determined by the unconventional natural gas reserves the US that is evolving. The USA remains the largest consumer of natural gas with consumption of 22% of the world’s production in 2009. According to Ratner (1) more than 84% of the gas in the USA was used for domestic purpose. This is a large percentage meaning that people have changed their trends in the usage of natural gas in the US. Usage of natural gas has been there before although it was used in small quantities in the US for only domestic purposes. It has undergone evolution over the years. Over the years the discovery of its usage in industrial and commercial purpose in large quanties has revolutionalised the natural gas market. According to Nersesian (248) the demand of natural gas has increased with world consuming 24% with the exclusion of bio fuels. US have become the largest importer because of its increased demand for both domestic and industrial con sumption. For the residential purpose the natural gas use increase during the winter for the heating purposes. This according to Nersesian (249) has increased the demand for natural gas. It has also made the prices of the commodity increase with the residential use by residential customers paying the largest bills. This has resulted to the chicken egg syndrome, where the residents depend highly on natural gas in the residential areas for the provision of warm during the winter season. In the industrial sector consumes largest amount of gas with more than 200, 00 consumers forming 35% of the natural gas use. This is less compared to the residential use of natural gas that has more than 60 million users annually. The demand has continued to increase with the conflict in the Middle East where the oil crisis has affected the oil market. The industrial use includes incineration, waste treatment, dehumidification, petrochemical industries among other industrial uses. The more natural gas is being use the more the effect is relayed to the consumer goods production. This is because it is directly used as raw materials thus affecting the price of these products (Nersesian 249). According to Roberts (1) the use of the natural gas in the US in the 1970 grew dramatically. He adds that most of the gas produced was a byproduct of the production of the crude oil. This was necessitated by the fact that the oil reserves at that time where lager and would be long lived.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY IN US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has changed over the years making the USA the largest importer of natural gas in the 21st century. Roberts (1) adds that for the past 40 years the usage of natural gas has been cyclical and market intervention by the government has been the reason why the trend has been changing. The regulation of the natural gas prices in the market was initiated by the federal government in the 1950s. This was the beginning of the evolution of the natural gas markets. Roberts (1) notes that the Federal Power Commission was the predecessor of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission that encouraged the supply of the natural gas through the pipelines and asserted a certain price for this. This saw an increase in the demand of natural gas after the market prices were regulated to low levels. Consequently the exploration rate declined because the returns were low and prices were low too. After several laws and Acts were passed in the late 1970s the demand decreased and alternative methods of energy generation were put into place. Economic downturn led to decline in demand for industrial use of natural gas and the price of natural gas increased. The demand for natural gas has since increased after the economy has recovered (Roberts 1). Production and increased demand for natural gas has had several impacts on US. With higher price s of natural gas, it has become more cheap and economical to import some of the products that are related to natural gas. For example, ammonia based fertilizers are imported, and alternative feed stocks have become attractive like the corn oil and naptha that is used for petrochemicals (Roberts 2). Other plants that don’t use natural gas have been closed because they were not ready for the change. Data The consumption of natural gas in the United States has been extremely high. This is based on the basis of several data trends on the percentage allocation on its use and demand over the years. The allocation of the use of natural gas in different sectors is also discussed and analyzed. According to Ratner (3) the world consumption of natural gas in 2009 amounted to more than104, 000 bcf that forms 24%. USA formed the largest consumer with 22,849 bcf which formed a 22%. The economic downturn that resulted from the recession and the War in the Middle East has seen a 2% decline i n the consumption of natural oil in the US. Ratner (3) notes that a third of the natural gas consumption in the US is used in the electric power generation, commercial use, industrial use, and residential use. In 2009 generation of electric power had increased as compared to 2008 usage. It had a consumption of 6,900 bcf of natural gas an increase with 3% (Ratner 3). Te transport sector uses the les amounts of natural gas because of the several logistics involved its usage. Although it has no soot and it is environmentally friendly, the logistic hurdle has been the great problem.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nersesian (249) notes that the projected figures of the usage of natural gas in the US show that it is clear that more than 20% that is over 60 million residents is used for residential purposes. The purpose of this is drying, cooking, heating, pool heating, and consumer space and water heat as well as gas fire places. The residential demand increases to its peak during the winter with a more than 70% annual consumption although it varies depending on the season. The residential gas consumers pay the largest amount with the commercial users paying only 15%. This sector has more than five million commercial users making them pay the second largest price. The sectors in the commercial that use natural gas include the motels, restaurants, retail establishments, healthcare facilities, hospitals, government buildings and offices (Nersesian 249). Their demand is not determined by the season it’s an all year usage scenario. Industrial sector forms over 35% in the natural gas total d emand with more than 200,000 customers. The industrial sector faces fluctuation in the demand for natural gas usage although it’s not seasonal. The major effect is the fluctuations and variations in the economic activity changes. The impact of increase in the prices in natural gases is that industries can change to other sources like bio fuels. The electricity sector has more than 5,700 users that account to 30% of the total demand (Nersesian 249). The electricity generation sector has more than 5,000 natural gas generating plants. The Study The demand for natural gas in the United States of America has increased over the years making it the largest user. According to Ratner (1) natural gas plays a great role in the world energy mix because of its growing resource base. This is because of it produces low carbon compared to fossil fuels. Although US have been ranked as the largest importer of natural gas, report by Ratner (2) indicates that the unconventional gas reserves in t he US from the shale gas have increased over the last years. Shale gas reserve has increased to 76% with its production increasing to 47%. This has changed the position of US as a net importer of natural gas to a potential exporter (Ratner 2). With the increase in demand, there has been a decline by 2% because of the economic downturn and the recession. With increase in demand the market price of natural gas has been low. Natural gas price in Canada, USA and UK is set by the market that is set by the economic activities (Retner 11). There are hubs centers that provide the natural gas sellers and buyers with price data that are competitive. Some of the hubs in US include the LA, Henry Hub in Erath which form a multiple interstate where most of the natural gas pipelines interconnect (Ratner 11). The demand for natural gas has made itself stand itself wholly; this has made it become uncompetitive with other sources of fuels. The price of fuels in the US is also determined by the consum er needs. For instance, the residential consumers are the ones that pay the highest prices because of their demand that is determined by season. The commercial users follow in terms of demand and pay because of the economic activities. The demand of natural gas in the US is not likely to reduce because the unconventional gas a reserve that has been found. In most case, the natural gas use in the US has articulated by the fact because gas in available and not expensive compared to other sources of fuels. The production of natural gas in the use has its impacts. For one it has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by making use of natural gas a car fuels. This is seen as a way that reducing the amount of carbon, sulfer dioxide and other particular particles that are not environmentally friendly. It production has also made sure that its demand remains high with no reservations of its use getting low. Production of ammonia has been affected with its production reducing drastically. According to Huang (15) the raw materials for ammonia fertilizers in the natural gas and its production have reduced because of the increased prices associated with natural gas. The production has reduced by 35% and the ammonia production plants have reduced over with 44%. This has reduced the supply of ammonia gas in the US with many companies opting to import ammonia from other countries because it’s cheap. Other producing countries especially in the Middle East have the lowest prices of natural gas. This is obviously going to have negative impact on the price of natural gas in the US. According to Huang (11) the imports of natural gas in the Middle East and the North Africa have been limited to low capacity production. With the in prices being low the imports from these countries is more likely to affect the exportation of natural gas to the US. Although these countries do not produce ammonia fertilizers from natural gas, if they did they would have a large market share i n Asia and China compared to US. The imports may also reduce because with sustainable natural gas production there is no need to import natural gas. The countries that export natural gas in the US will have to find another suitable market because the imports will reduce drastically (Gene 138). This is because of the production of natural gas in the US. It is also going to affect the manufacturing industry because increased production would mean more employment and industrial production. Imported natural gas is clean. According to Gene (138) the production of natural gas would see production of by products that would boost the economy. Summary and Conclusion Natural gas is used in large quantities in the USA with the household consumptions leading the usage followed by electricity generating. Natural gas household consumption include heating water, warming houses, cooking, powering fans, heating pools, ironing among others. For industrial use it is used as raw materials, powering ind ustrial furnaces, running the air conditioners, incineration, waste treatment, dehumidification, petrochemical industries among other industrial use. In the manufacturing it is as fuel in car, manufacture of ammonia based fertilizers, plastics and other materials. The reason why natural gas is preferred is because its environmentally clean, compared to coal. It also produces less sulfur dioxide gas and carbon and other particular matter. The discovery of unconventional natural gas reserves from shell formation has prompted the demand to increase. The emergence of the use of natural gas can be traced in years back although it was used in small quantities. Over the years it usage has been increasing with the US being the largest user and importer. It uses natural gas in the residential places, transport sector, the industrial sector and the commercial sector. The increased uses have prompted the demand to increase and importing its gas from natural gas producing states like Russia. Th e statistics clearly show how US has been using natural gas with the population using natural gas increasing annually. For residential use natural gas fluctuates seasonally with summer having the highest demand. On the other hand the industrial gas demand is determined by the economic activities. The market for demand of natural gas has evolutionised over the years after several laws governing the productivity, transport and pricing. The pricing is determined by the demand of natural gas in the US and the Middle East political stability. The demand for natural gas is not likely to reduce over the years because of its environmentally friendly aspect. The United States is now becoming a net exporter as opposed to a net importer of natural gas due to the discovery of unconventional reserves. The price in the US is determined by the market demand and the economic activity. From the research it is noticeable that because of its various aspects, natural gas is not competitive from other k inds of fuels. The production of natural gas in the US is likely to have effects. The demand is more likely to increase and so are the prices. This would mean that imports from other countries may be reduced because they have their own sources. In terms of export however, this may reduce because the Middle East and North America produces natural gas that is of low price. The production of ammonia in the US has declined over the years because of its high price. Despite the fact that natural gas is being produced in the US, the price hikes has made it cheap and economical to import ammonia fertilizers from other countries. Works Cited Gene, Whitney C. E. B. Energy: Natural Gas. S.l.: Thecapitol Net, Inc, 2010. Print. Huang, Wen-yuan. Impact of Rising Natural Gas Prices on U.S. Ammonia Supply. Agust. 2007. Web. https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/40459/11717_wrs0702_1_.pdf?v=41057. Nersesian, Roy L. Energy for the 21st Century: A Comprehensive Guide to Conventional and Altern ative Services. M E Sharpe Inc, 2010. Print. Ratner, Michael. Global Natural Gas: A Growing Resource. 22 Dec. 2010. Web. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41543.pdf Roberts, J. Paul. The Evolution of Natural Gas Markets. n.d. Web. http://www.beg.utexas.edu/ This research paper on THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY IN US was written and submitted by user Livia Kelly to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using CoSchedule

How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using Planning a trade show booth is one of THE hardest things to do as a marketer. There are always a million very specific rules + guidelines to follow†¦ (that vary from trade show to trade show)†¦Ã°Å¸â„¢â€ž A thousand random deadlines to keep track of†¦. (uh, the booth design was due when again?) AND a million things to coordinate†¦ (ranging from giveaways + landing pages to the ever-stressful shipping logistics). The problem? With all these moving pieces plus  coordinating everything between sales, finance, operations, and your own marketing team. Some of those important details are bound to get missed. *insert panic attack here* Luckily, with †¦ You can easily create a solid strategy to plan, execute, and track your entire trade show from start to finish! And as the one responsible for making sure the trade show goes off without a hitch†¦ You can rest easy knowing every task will get completed†¦ Zero details will get missed†¦ AND you’ll never miss a deadline. Because with , you’ve got everything under control. Let’s dive into how you can do it in 4 easy steps. 😎 How To Plan Your Next Trade Show Using @Step 1: Create A Marketing Campaign In After you get a clear idea of everything you need to get done to execute your trade show†¦ It’s time to create a marketing campaign  in ! AKA a folder inside that can house every single piece of content, project, event, social campaign, task, and deadline related to your trade show booth. Here’s how to make your marketing campaign in : Head to your calendar Use the +  sign to add content to your calendar and select â€Å"Marketing Campaign† Give your marketing campaign a name (ex. INBOUND) Select a color label (to make it easy to find on your calendar!) Give it a start date (the day you start working on items for the trade show) and an end date (this could be the start date of the trade show, the day your last post promo email goes out, or whenever the last item related to the trade show is due!) Onto the next step! Whats the secret to planning perfect trade show booths with @? It starts with MarketingStep 2: Add EVERYTHING You Need For The Trade Show To Your Marketing Campaign Once you’ve added your marketing campaign to the calendar†¦ You can start adding everything (and yes, I mean EVERYTHING) you need to get done to perfectly execute your trade show. Here are a few ideas to get the wheels turning: Trade show booth design Swag + prizes Geo-targeting Facebook Ads Itineraries for sales team Book hotels, flights, etc. Booth handouts/flyers Social campaigns (pre-trade show and post-trade show) Landing pages Blog post Booth video or presentation Post-trade show email campaign And once you’ve generated a list of everything you need to include†¦ Start adding them to your marketing campaign! Here’s how to do it: Inside your marketing campaign, hit the +  sign in the upper right-hand corner. Select the type of project/type of content you want to add you want to add (article, project checklist, social campaign, etc.) Give it a title (ex. â€Å"Trade show booth design†) Give it a color label (usually the same label as the overall marketing campaign, but that’s up to you!) Choose the owner of the project (aka the person responsible for making sure the project is completed). Select the date that specific item is due. Repeat until you’ve added everything you need for your trade show! And if other projects come up later, you can easily add those to your trade show plan as they come! Just make sure everything gets added to your trade show marketing campaign so all those moving pieces get in ONE place.